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碳纤维复合材料的金相制备

来源：美国标乐（原厂）分类：动态 2023-12-28 11:15:06 11阅读次数

纤维增强复合材料一般是指由玻璃纤维、碳纤维、硼纤维做为增强材料，以不饱和聚酯、环氧树脂与酚醛树脂为基体的复合材料。具有密度小、强度高、耐化学腐蚀、电绝缘性能优异以及加工性能好等特点，可用于航空航天、船舶、化工、电子、汽车制造、建筑工程等行业。

纤维种类、编织方式、纤维表面处理、在树脂中的分散性和长径保留比、纤维含量都影响最终的增强效果。在微观尺度上，复合材料的强度决定于基体材料与增强纤维界面的强度，要实现这一点必须使材料在界面上形成能量的最低结合，即液体与固体之间的润湿。

因此研究复合材料中纤维和基体界面的组成、结构、控制、性能和改进界面相，是复合材料的基础理论之一。但玻璃纤维和碳纤维具有高强度低伸长，易弯曲脆断等特性，给样品制备带来很大的困难。

本文以碳纤维增强树脂为例进行样品制备。

· Attention

制备步骤

SOLUTIONS

01

切割

因导热性约为金属材料的1/100，并含有硬质的改性氧化物填料等原因造成散热条件差，产生的热与碎屑不易被带走。

若选用砂轮片切割，因切割片厚度造成的切口损失较大，产生的热量会使树脂融化粘接在砂轮片表面，造成切割困难。

若用大颗粒的金刚石切割片进行切割又会造成纤维脆性破碎严重，给后续磨抛带来困难。

切割时推荐使用高速精密切割机 IsoMet High Speed Pro 搭配 15HC 的金刚石切割片进行切割。

02

镶嵌

若基体树脂材料受热不软化不变形，可选用热压镶嵌法进行镶嵌。

若不清楚基体材料的热性能参数，真空环氧树脂镶嵌无疑是更为明智的选择。

树脂可选择 EpoxiCure 2，此款树脂粘度低流动性好、收缩率极低，6 小时左右即可固化。

03

研磨&抛光

本实验使用标乐 AutoMet 250 Pro 半自动磨抛机，因其压力载荷可控，并可实现多个样品同时制备，可极大提高样品制备的重复性，采用步骤如下：

使用大粒号的砂纸在去除损伤的同时会造成新的损伤，因碳化硅颗粒较锋利，纤维在承受剪切力时易脆断，即使长时间研磨也无法得到平整无损伤的表面，如下图所示，使用两张P400研磨8分钟后，纤维表面破碎情况未有任何改观。

P400 砂纸研磨8分钟

因此建议P400砂纸研磨两分钟，将切割造成的树脂损伤去掉即可。

标乐的UltraPad抛光布是硬编织的无绒毛布，配合使用9μm金刚石悬浮液，可在保持较高去除速率的同时保护碳纤维不被损伤破碎，需要增加抛光时间至约3分钟直到将损伤全部去除，下图所示为抛光3分钟后纤维形貌。

9μm金刚石悬浮液抛光3分钟

接着用中等硬度的合成丝质布VerduTex配合3μm抛光液抛光2分钟将9μm悬浮液产生的划痕进一步去除。

3μm金刚石悬浮液抛光2分钟

最终使用人工合成多孔橡胶ChemoMet抛光布配合0.05μm氧化铝悬浮液，可得到无划痕，纤维形貌保持良好的最终表面。

0.05μm氧化铝悬浮液抛光1min30s

如您有任何技术问题

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[8]未定义数组索引: page
[8]未定义数组下标: 0
[2]Declaration of app\common\model\News::getAllList($filter = Array, $limit = 16, $order = Array, $with = Array) should be compatible with app\common\model\BaseModel::getAllList($filter = Array, $with = Array, $limit = 0, $sort = Array, $field = 'a.*', $join = Array)
[2]Declaration of app\common\model\Company::getAllList($filter = Array, $limit = 20) should be compatible with app\common\model\BaseModel::getAllList($filter = Array, $with = Array, $limit = 0, $sort = Array, $field = 'a.*', $join = Array)
[8]未定义数组索引: center
[8]Only variables should be passed by reference
[2]Declaration of app\common\model\NewsComment::getAllList($filter = Array, $limit = 16) should be compatible with app\common\model\BaseModel::getAllList($filter = Array, $with = Array, $limit = 0, $sort = Array, $field = 'a.*', $join = Array)
[8192]Function create_function() is deprecated
[8192]Function create_function() is deprecated
[8]未定义数组索引: area
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[2]Declaration of app\common\model\Topic::getList($filter = Array) should be compatible with app\common\model\BaseModel::getList($filter = Array, $sort = Array)
[2]Declaration of app\common\model\Topic::getAllList($filter = Array, $field = 'id,md5,tit...', $limit = 0) should be compatible with app\common\model\BaseModel::getAllList($filter = Array, $with = Array, $limit = 0, $sort = Array, $field = 'a.*', $join = Array)
[2]Declaration of app\common\model\TopicInfoList::getAllList($filter = Array, $limit = 8) should be compatible with app\common\model\BaseModel::getAllList($filter = Array, $with = Array, $limit = 0, $sort = Array, $field = 'a.*', $join = Array)
[8]未定义数组索引: center
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[8]未定义数组索引: cid
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[8]未定义数组索引: goods_list
[8]未定义数组下标: 0
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[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `news_belong_category` WHERE `news_id` = 3772 [ RunTime:0.001693s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `news_category` WHERE `id` IN (7) [ RunTime:0.000173s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `user_follow` [ RunTime:0.001286s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `user_follow` WHERE `user_id` IS NULL AND `follow_user_id` = 350 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000187s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `news_comment` [ RunTime:0.001270s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `news_comment` WHERE `news_id` = 3772 AND `parent_id` = 0 ORDER BY `id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000195s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `news_comment` WHERE `news_id` = 3772 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000151s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `news` WHERE `is_show` = 1 AND `review_status` = 1 AND `id` IN (3772,6820,5757,1552,1142,7087,5455,2008,1242,7473) ORDER BY field(id,3772,6820,5757,1552,1142,7087,5455,2008,1242,7473) [ RunTime:0.000335s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `user_info` WHERE `user_id` IN (350,290,291,196,610,447,659,361) [ RunTime:0.000690s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `topic` [ RunTime:0.001361s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`md5`,`title`,`created_time` FROM `topic` WHERE `review_status` = 1 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 4 [ RunTime:0.000158s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `topic_info_list` [ RunTime:0.001249s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `topic_info_list` WHERE `topic_id` = 1 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 2 [ RunTime:0.000164s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `news` WHERE `id` IN (864,849) [ RunTime:0.000174s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`md5`,`title`,`created_time` FROM `news` WHERE `review_status` = 1 AND `is_show` = 1 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.000159s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `user` [ RunTime:0.001234s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `a`.* FROM `user` `a` INNER JOIN `news` `b` ON `a`.`id`=`b`.`user_id` GROUP BY `a`.`id` ORDER BY `b`.`id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.009975s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `user_info` WHERE `user_id` IN (348,351,466,458,209,372,521,819,385,657) [ RunTime:0.000703s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `seo` [ RunTime:0.001449s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `seo` WHERE `column_type` = '02' AND `page_type` = 'news' AND `info_id` = 3772 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000191s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `news_belong_category` WHERE `news_id` = 3772 [ RunTime:0.001708s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `news_belong_category` WHERE `news_id` = 6820 [ RunTime:0.001663s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `news_belong_category` WHERE `news_id` = 5757 [ RunTime:0.001681s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `news_belong_category` WHERE `news_id` = 1552 [ RunTime:0.001672s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `news_belong_category` WHERE `news_id` = 1142 [ RunTime:0.001666s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `news_belong_category` WHERE `news_id` = 7087 [ RunTime:0.001715s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `news_belong_category` WHERE `news_id` = 5455 [ RunTime:0.001693s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `news_belong_category` WHERE `news_id` = 2008 [ RunTime:0.001710s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `news_belong_category` WHERE `news_id` = 1242 [ RunTime:0.001678s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `news_belong_category` WHERE `news_id` = 7473 [ RunTime:0.001645s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE `id` = 350 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000161s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `follow_user_id` = 348 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000172s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `user_id` = 348 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000157s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `follow_user_id` = 351 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000130s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `user_id` = 351 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000121s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `follow_user_id` = 466 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000119s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `user_id` = 466 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000118s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `follow_user_id` = 458 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000147s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `user_id` = 458 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000120s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `follow_user_id` = 209 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000122s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `user_id` = 209 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000118s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `follow_user_id` = 372 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000118s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `user_id` = 372 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000121s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `follow_user_id` = 521 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000119s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `user_id` = 521 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000116s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `follow_user_id` = 819 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000116s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `user_id` = 819 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000115s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `follow_user_id` = 385 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000127s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `user_id` = 385 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000117s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `follow_user_id` = 657 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000118s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `user_follow` WHERE `user_id` = 657 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000117s ]

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